Kidneys filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. When they can’t do that, toxins build up and health declines fast. Dialysis steps in to do the filtering that broken kidneys can’t. It’s a medical procedure that removes waste, balances electrolytes, and helps control blood pressure. Most people start dialysis when their kidney function drops below 15% of normal. Knowing the basics helps you feel less scared and more in control of your care.
There are two main ways to get the blood cleaned. Hemodialysis uses a machine and a special filter called a dialyzer. Blood is drawn out through a fistula or catheter, runs through the filter, and goes back into the body. Sessions usually last three to five hours, three times a week, and are done at a clinic or at home with a portable unit.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) uses the lining of your abdomen – the peritoneum – as a natural filter. A soft tube (catheter) sits in the belly, and a sterile fluid is pumped in, absorbs waste, then drains out. PD can be done manually (CAPD) several times a day or automatically (APD) while you sleep. It offers more freedom but requires strict cleanliness to avoid infections.
Sticking to a kidney‑friendly diet is key. Limit salty foods, keep potassium and phosphorus low, and watch fluid intake based on your doctor’s advice. Small, frequent meals often feel easier than big plates. When you’re on hemodialysis, bring a snack you can eat during the session – a piece of fruit or a low‑protein bar works well.
Exercise isn’t off‑limits. Light walking, stretching, or gentle yoga can boost energy and keep blood pressure stable. Aim for 20‑30 minutes most days, but listen to your body and stop if you feel dizzy. Staying active also helps with the emotional side of chronic treatment.
Plan your appointments and meds ahead of time. Use a calendar app or a simple notebook to track dialysis days, medication doses, and doctor visits. Having a routine reduces missed sessions and makes it easier to talk to family or friends about what you need.
Finally, lean on support. Join a local dialysis group, talk to a counselor, or chat with others online. Sharing experiences can lower the feeling of isolation and give you practical tricks – like how to keep your access site clean or the best foods to enjoy without spiking potassium.
Dialysis is a life‑saver, not a life‑stopper. With the right knowledge, diet, activity, and support, you can keep living fully while your kidneys take a break.
